When people talk about SEM (Search Engine Marketing), most think of Google Ads. But for an independent author, the reader with real purchase intent isn't searching on Google — they're searching directly on Amazon. That's why the SEM that actually pays off for a book is Amazon Ads, specifically Sponsored Products.
This section applies specifically to authors publishing through Amazon KDP/Kindle: if you publish another way (traditional publisher, other stores), Amazon Ads isn't available to you the same way, and the SEM channel that fits you is different (Google Ads or Meta Ads pointing to your own sales page). Amazon.com is the most mature, most competitive Amazon Ads market for books — years of authors bidding on the same keywords have pushed costs up, so broad match keywords and loose targeting waste budget fast here in a way they might not elsewhere.
A common mistake is launching ads before having reviews — without social proof, the reader who arrives via the ad doesn't convert, and spend climbs with no result. It's worth building a minimum base of reviews before scaling budget.