Short answer: llms.txt is a proposed file (similar to robots.txt) that tells language models which parts of your site to prioritize when reading it. It's nice to have, but not essential and doesn't guarantee a model uses it — most major ones don't officially consult it yet.
It sits at the site's root (yourdomain.com/llms.txt) and lists, in markdown, a summary of the site and links to its most important pages so a model can process them efficiently.
No single file guarantees you get cited — llms.txt is a complement, not a substitute for genuinely well-structured content, with sources and real authority, which is what actually influences whether you get cited or not.